Sara's Story: Part 2 - Working with Animals in the Amazon Rainforest

Elvira was there to meet me full of smiles and welcome, she handed me a packed lunch and suggested I sit in the shade as we had to wait for two other flights to come in, bringing more volunteers. Cleia and Becky duly arrived and we made our way to the river to find our boat. What amounted to a glorified dug out, lined with orange life jackets and a tin roof greeted us.

Feeling ill prepared and suburban, I began dragging my suitcase, designed for European travel rather than Peruvian mud banks, as best I could towards the boat. A bare-footed sturdy man came to my rescue lifting my case with ease onto his muscled shoulders. I was later to find out that he is well into his 70’s and not as able as he once was!

With no Government support the people of Peru have to rely on family and their own wits to provide for themselves. And this man had wisely negotiated a trust contract with our Project to act as porter each time the boat required assistance. As volunteers were arriving and departing daily and a food and supplies shop was required weekly, he was kept fairly busy.

Taricaya was named after the local yellow spotted river turtle and as an eco-reserve attempting to save at least some of them, an apt title.

The main work at the reserve was to rehabilitate spider monkeys back into the rainforest. Their numbers had declined to near extinction in this particular part of Peru due to adult females being shot for food. Some of the young monkeys brought to the reserve had been rescued from domestic settings once they became unmanageable as pets. Looking after wild animals is a matter of respect and at all times one has to be vigilant.

I wasn’t quite so forgiving of the blasted mosquitoes who managed to maul and gnarl their way through thick socks and Deet spray. So, by the end of the day, hot, sweaty and exhausted, riddled with bites, a freezing cold shower just about finished me off.  Although even that you get used to and even relish – perhaps not the mosquitoes though, I was always irritated by those. We even tried to forgive them by finding a reason for their existence, and of course they are an important part of the food chain.

Sam, our resident primatologist took me for my first walk into the rainforest, he showed me trees and plants explaining their life cycles and the animals that depended on them. We were surrounded by ironwood, kapok and strangler trees, walking palms and ferns, we crossed over, what in the wet season would be swamps, via crude, low bridges made from metal sheeting, following the trail markers that directed our path. 

When following someone who knows the forest it seems easy, left to my own devices I found everything looked the same, and had no clue in which direction I was heading.  Although it would have taken me a very long time to find the camp, I didn’t think I could actually be lost, but thankfully that was never put to the test. 

Life in the Reserve followed a fluid pattern with everyone allocated daily tasks, sometimes we started before dawn and walked to the Canopy Platform, reached by a metal scaffolding type staircase reminiscent of a fire escape which led to a long sloping rope bridge that linked the tower stairs to the top of the tallest tree in the canopy at the height of 40 metres. A breath-taking view across the tops of the trees to the Madre de Dios river and onwards to Bolivia in one direction and to the distant reaches of Peru in the others.

At different times on our watches we saw groups of macaws, red streaks flashing past and sitting in the branches faraway, toucans, parakeets and a huge bird of prey. I am not an ornithologist but those of us that are, grabbed Dictionaries of Birds to identify the species we saw and then the serious business of recording the data – species, date, time and number - took place. It was thrilling and unnerving all at the same time, I wanted to just watch what was around me but knew that the whole point of us being there was to record what we saw.

The Peruvian Government closely monitors the activities of the rainforest, granting licence to environmentalists who wish to research the animal and plant inhabitants. Some years ago, finding that spider monkey numbers were decreasing at an alarming rate, Taricaya and the adjoining reserve, Kawsay Biological Station, developed what have become very successful rehabilitation programmes. Both Reserves train scientific and veterinary interns to continue the work, and part of the university degree programme is for the students to experience care of wildlife, therefore there is a constant source of eager participants. In fact, most of the volunteers at Taricaya were studying sciences in one form or another and were an extraordinary group of knowledgeable young people. One boy had loved beetles since he was a child and was frequently stopping along the trails as he spotted something that required further investigation.

Every Wednesday a couple of the staff took the boat to Puerto Maldonado to purchase food and fuel for the generator. They returned to the Reserve at 5.00pm where a shout went up at their arrival, every volunteer, intern and staff member lined up along the stairs in readiness for unloading. Heavy sacks of fruits, vegetables and rice were hauled hand on hand to be loaded onto wheelbarrows. The most succulent and varied selection always went to the right hand side where it was removed to the animal kitchen – cabbage, carrots, beetroots, apples, guava, melons, oranges, papaya, pineapple, seeds, meats. The humans were well fed too but not such a varied diet as we mainly survived on rice and vegetables, tofu or meat.

Our projects were many and varied and one of the most rewarding was Bird Banding. Rachel, Taricaya’s manager, is an ornithologist and she has been collating data of the rainforest and its wildlife for the Peruvian Environment Agency for many years. She runs the project with enthusiasm, experience and immense patience as her “helpers” are volunteers, most of whom are unused to handling birds or recording data. 

We would get up around 5.00am to put up the mist nets – light aluminium poles holding 3 metres or so of fine, soft mesh net. Several of them would be put up along the routes the birds used, over the trails, between the river and the forest, and around the farms. If I remember correctly, we recorded seven different locations for one day each week. The nets would be checked and data recorded every 30-60 minutes.  It is quite a laborious task but equally rewarding and fascinating. We saw many woodcreepers, band-tailed manakins, spine tails and hummingbirds -  noting their feather growth, leg and beak length, gender and sexual maturity, releasing them again as quickly as possible.

Stuart, one of the co-founders of Taricaya and Conservation Director for Projects Abroad joined us most weeks. One of his many interests and areas of expertise are the local caiman. He gave us a talk on the different species of the Madre de Dios and then took us out in the boat for us to see for ourselves. Searchlight sweeping the banks, hundreds of eyes glowing back in the darkness. Caiman eyes reflect orange, whereas birds and deer are red and cats, green. There are four species living locally – black, dwarf, spectacled and smooth skinned. The black are the largest and rarely seen these days having been over-hunted for their skins. They can reach up to 7metres long if left alone.  The smallest at 1 - 1.3 metres, and most common, are the dwarf caiman and it was one of those that Stuart managed to grab out of the water for us to see.

Although I was in Peru during the summer months and the dry season, we still experienced sudden weather changes. The temperatures could drop from mid 30’s to mid-teens bringing a cold, sharp wind. A sudden 20 degree drop and the rush to find warm clothes is a shock, piling on blankets at night and sleeping in socks and jumpers seems ludicrous, but it was really necessary. Without glazing there is no getting away from the wind, but as quickly as it arrives it is gone, and  a couple of days later bright blue skies return with hot sun.

By early July we had collected and sifted many huge bags of sand to prepare an artificial beach in readiness for the Turtle Project. Percy another phenomenal Peruvian, eyes like lasers and a sixth sense of where turtles were to be found, was our guide and mentor. My Spanish had not improved and he spoke little English so communication resorted to thumbs up, pointing and smiling but it worked. 

One night he took a few of us out in the boat to monitor the sandbanks and test the temperature of the sand. The moon was full and the night warm, we moored the boat by dragging it up the sandbank and went in search of the tell-tale signs of turtle footprints. No luck this time.

During the day, Percy took the boat and a few volunteers to count the number of turtles we could see on the river banks. We had to be seen by the local poachers to be patrolling our waters, as a local delicacy is turtle eggs. The Peruvians, like many developing nations, have to live on their wits and create income where they can, so daily boats furnished with cold boxes would be cruising along the river taking recently caught fish, bananas or timber to sell at the market. They even set up illegal gold panning boats to see if they can glean small chips of gold brought down river from the mountains during the rainy season. Anything and everything is worth a try.

The turtle census continued with Percy and a few volunteers each day trying to count the number of turtles sitting out on the river banks and tree branches. It was to give us a rough idea how many nests we were likely to find and if adult numbers were changing in any way. However, trying to spot brown turtles sitting on brown branches at 30 metres was not as easy as it sounds.

We waited patiently for the weather to warm the sand to perfect turtle conditions and a few days later the first footprints culminating in the tell-tale swirly circle were seen. Great excitement, but no nest. It seems to be a very exact science with the female frequently assessing the sand temperature and then digging a precise depth hole for her eggs to be laid. The first eggs to be laid, at the deepest and coolest point of the nest, will be males; the temperature determines the developing gender. Each female will lay up to 30 eggs and it will take up to 5 months before they hatch and this is where as a conservation project, we came in.  

Once the females started laying their eggs a group of us camped overnight on the sandbanks to prevent the eggs being stolen, then during daylight hours, carefully removed the eggs noting the depth and placement of each one. The eggs were then re-nested in our artificial beach on the Reserve. 

Alongside this we had a research project of 150 young turtles living on the Reserve. Each one had to be weighed and measured and later we were able to release them into the river.